|
〕 | elevation_imperial = 4377 | elevation_round = 0 | elevation_note = 〔 | area_unit = acre | area_imperial = 4558 | area_type = | area_note = | area_round = 0 | highest = | highest location = | highest_lat_d = | highest_lat_m = | highest_lat_s = | highest_lat_NS = | highest_long_d = | highest_long_m = | highest_long_s = | highest_long_EW = | highest_elevation_imperial = 5480 | highest_elevation_note = 〔 | lowest = | lowest_location = | lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS = | lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW = | lowest_elevation_imperial = | lowest_elevation_note = | geology = Solutional cave in marble | geology1 = | established_type = Established | established = July 12, 1909 | established_note = 〔 | established1_type = | established1 = | management_body = National Park Service | visitation = 69,405 | visitation_year = 2014 | visitation_note = | free1_type = | free1 = | map = Oregon map with national inset.png | map_alt= | map_caption = Location of the cave in Oregon. Inset: Oregon in the United States | map_locator = Oregon | map_size = 300 | map_first = | map1 = | map1_alt= | map1_size = | map1_caption = | website = (Oregon Caves ) | commons = Oregon Caves National Monument }} Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve is a National Monument and Preserve in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States. The main part of the park, including the marble cave and a visitor center, is located east of Cave Junction, on Oregon Route 46. A separate visitor center in Cave Junction occupies of the total. Both parts of the monument, managed by the National Park Service, are in southwestern Josephine County, near the Oregon–California border. The climate is generally mild even at the cave's elevation of about above sea level, but icicles can form at the cave entrance, and winter snow sometimes blocks the park highway. Elijah Davidson, a resident of nearby Williams, discovered the cave in 1874. Over the next two decades, private investors failed in efforts to run successful tourist ventures at the publicly owned site. After passage of the Antiquities Act by the United States Congress, President William Howard Taft established Oregon Caves National Monument, to be managed by the United States Forest Service, in 1909. The popularity of the automobile, construction of paved highways, and promotion of tourism by boosters from Grants Pass led to large increases in cave visitation during the late 1920s and thereafter. Among the attractions at the remote monument is the Oregon Caves Chateau, a six-story hotel built in a rustic style in 1934. It is a National Historic Landmark and is part of the Oregon Caves Historic District within the monument. The Park Service, which assumed control of the monument in 1933, offers tours of the cave from mid-April through early November. In 2014, the monument was expanded by about and re-designated a National Monument and Preserve. In addition, the River Styx, which flows through the cave and emerges as Cave Creek, was named to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Oregon Caves is a solutional cave, with passages totaling about , that formed in marble. The parent rock was originally limestone that metamorphosed to marble during the geologic processes that created the Klamath Mountains, including the Siskiyous. Although the limestone formed about 190 million years ago, the cave itself is no older than a few million years. Valued as a tourist cave, the cavern also has scientific value; sections of the cave that are not on tour routes contain fossils of national importance. In addition to cave touring, activities at the park include hiking, photography, and wildlife viewing. One of the park trails leads through the forest to Big Tree, which at is the thickest Douglas-fir known in Oregon. Lodging and food are available at The Chateau and in Cave Junction. Camping is available at Forest Service campgrounds and private sites in the area. ==Geography== Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve is in the Siskiyou Mountains, a coastal range that is part of the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. The main part of the park originally consisted of in the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest, about north of the Oregon–California border in Josephine County, Oregon. An additional visitor center occupies in the city of Cave Junction.〔 The city is in the Illinois River valley, about east of the Pacific Ocean. Elevations within the main part of the monument range from ; the visitor center in Cave Junction is above sea level.〔 In December 2014, the U.S. Congress enlarged the protected area that includes the cave and changed its name to Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve. This means that two distinct contiguous units of the national park system share the Oregon Caves name. The preserve covers ,〔 and both it and the monument are administered by the same staff. By highway, Oregon Caves is southwest of Grants Pass, south of Portland and north of San Francisco. The caves are east of Cave Junction via Oregon Route 46, which intersects U.S. Route 199 at Cave Junction.〔 Despite the monument's name, the main cave is a single system with known passages totaling about in length.〔 Eight separate smaller caves have also been discovered in the monument.〔 Runoff from the heavily wooded monument forms small headwater streams of the Illinois River, a major tributary of the Rogue River. One of five small springs in the monument becomes Upper Cave Creek, which flows on the surface before disappearing into its bed and entering the cave. Supplemented by water entering the cave from above, the stream emerges from the main entrance as Cave Creek.〔 Within the cave, Cave Creek is known as the ''River Styx''. In late 2014, as part of other changes to the protected area and its name, Congress added the River Styx to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. It is the only subterranean river in the Wild Rivers system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|